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Home/Glossary/Fine-tuning

What is Fine-tuning?

Fine-tuning further trains a model on your own examples so its default behaviour changes — useful for a fixed style or format at scale, unnecessary for most tasks.

Prompting changes what a model does on one request; fine-tuning changes what it does by default, by training it on hundreds or thousands of example input → output pairs. It's how vendors turn base models into chat models, and how companies get a consistent brand voice or a niche format without a long prompt every time.

It's rarely the first tool to reach for. Good prompts with examples get most of the benefit at zero cost; RAG handles "the model doesn't know my data" better than fine-tuning does. Fine-tune when the prompt is huge, the task is repetitive and the volume is high.

How to use it well
  1. Try few-shot prompting and RAG first.
  2. Fine-tune for style and format, not for facts.
  3. Keep an evaluation set so you can prove it helped.
Go deeper
Base LLM vs chat model
Related terms
Few-shot promptingRAG (retrieval-augmented generation)Instruction tuningLLM (large language model)All terms →

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